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홈 / 시사 / 칼럼
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[팔공산] 바른 말과 곧은 신념 |
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바른 말과 곧은 신념은 우리 선조들이 끝까지 지키고자 했던 정신적인 지주였다. 선비는 자기를 알아주는 사람을 위해 목숨을 바친다는 말도 바로 자신이 주창하는 말과 신념을 인정받았을 때는 죽음도 가리지 않고 충성을 다한다는 뜻이다.
우리 역사를 더욱 빛나게 한 사육신의 경우는 그 대표적인 실례라 하겠다. 자기가 옳다고 생각하는 신념을 지키기 위해 한 목숨을 초개와 같이 버린 선비들의 지조가 있었기에 우리의 역사는 이렇게 찬연히 빛나고 있는 것이다.
그러나 고금을 막론하고 궤변이 홍수처럼 범람하는 시대에는 바른 말과 곧은 신념을 지키기가 매우 어렵다. 더구나 오늘날과 같이 생존경쟁이 치열한 시대에는 말과 글의 기법도 교묘해져서 쉽사리 검은 것을 흰 것으로 틀린 것을 바른 것으로 둔갑시키는 경우를 많이 보고 있기 때문이다. 뻔히 틀린 내용인줄 알면서도 말과 글에 현혹되어 곧잘 설득 당하는 수가 많고 또한 말하는 사람이나 글 쓰는 사람 역시 자신의 주관이나 소신과는 상관없이 자기가 속한 집단의 이익만을 대변하는 일이 허다하다. 기(技)가 도(道)를 이기는 시대라 해도 과언이 아니다.
흔히 지도급 인사들은 자신의 경륜을 후세역사에 맡긴다고 하지만 과연 후세의 사가들이 그 얼마나 정론의 필봉(筆鋒)을 휘둘러줄지 모르겠다. 요즘 자신의 업적을 마구 미화하는 회고록 붐을 보고 있노라니 새삼 동호직필(董狐直筆)의 고사(故事)가 떠오른다.
춘추전국시대의 일이다. 당시 진나라의 폭군인 영공(靈公)을 몰아낸 조둔(趙遁)의 정변은 매우 정당했다. 하지만 사관(史官)이었던 동호(董狐)는 사초(史草)에 기록하기를 '을축년 가을 7월에 조둔이 도원에서 그이 임금을 죽였다' 라고 하여 그 정변의 책임을 조둔 한 사람에게만 지웠던 것이다.
그 후 여전히 승상 직에 있던 조둔이 이를 알고 사관을 불러 항의했다. "태사(太史)는 이 사초를 잘못 적었소. 그 당시 나는 임금이 죽은 곳에서 무려 2백 리나 떨어진 곳에서 피신하고 있었소. 그런데 그대는 임금을 죽였다는 끔찍한 허물을 나에게 씨웠구려. 후세 사람들이 이를 보면 나를 역적이라 할 것이니 속히 고쳐주기 바라오."
한참 듣고 있던 사관은 자못 엄숙한 표정을 지으며 다음과 같이 대답하는 것이었다.
"대감은 승상 직에 있는 몸으로 비록 피신을 했다고 하나 국경을 넘지 않았고 서울에 돌아와서는 그 범인을 색출하여 처벌하지 않았으니 아무리 변명한들 그 누가 승상을 믿어주겠소?"
이렇듯 역사의 심판은 준엄한 것이다. 공자가 춘추를 집필하기 이전의 역사는 대개 위정자의 치적이나 언동을 미화하는 기록에 지나지 않았다. 그렇기 때문에 거의 그 시비곡직(是非曲直)이 가려지지 않은 채 혼돈 속에 있었다. 그러던 것이 춘추가 나옴으로써 군왕과 신하들의 선악시비가 공정하게 평가되었으며 이것을 계기로 위정자의 책임영역을 확대 해석하여 엄하게 꾸짖게 되었던 것이다.
그래서 후세의 선비들은 말을 할 때에도 춘추필법, 글을 쓸 때에도 춘추필법을 역설하고 있는 것이다.
일찍이 우리 선현들은 칼끝 혀끝 붓끝을 하나의 개념으로 풀었다. 즉 칼끝을 뽑은 이상, 혀끝으로 말을 내뱉은 이상, 붓끝으로 글을 쓰는 이상은 생사의 명운을 걸고 임했던 것이다. 하지만 굽히지 않는 신념에는 많은 화가 따랐다. 일찍이 곧은 신념, 바른 말을 주청하다가 화를 당한 선비들을 생각하면 절로 숙연해지는 마음 금할 수 없다.
곡학아세(曲學阿世)하여 시류(時流)에 편승하는 삶을 산다면 일시적이 평안은 도모할지 모른다. 그러나 진실과 영원성을 주축으로 하는 긴 안목으로 보면 그것처럼 불행한 일도 없을 것이다. 요즈음 젊은 세대들에게 널리 읽히고 있다는 친일 문학론을 보고 있노라면 당시 우리 민족의 정신적 지주라고 할 수 있는 그 명사들의 변절이 얼마나 우리를 서글프게 했는지를 새삼스럽게 곱씹어보게 된다.
이렇듯 역사의 심판이란 반드시 특정 위정자에게만 국한되는 것이 아니라 우리 사회의 모든 지도급 인사들에게도 공통적으로 적용되는 문제라 하겠다.
이 시대 바른 말과 곧은 신념을 지켜나가는 지도자를 그리워함은 비단 필자만의 소회는 아니리라.
김병권_bkkim31@hanmail.net
24호 (2006.5.27) |
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15-11-05  |
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